Appeal to Pakistan to End Death Penalty

A group of independent United Nations human rights experts has reiterated their call on Pakistan to reinstate a moratorium on the death penalty and investigate cases where uncertain age determination processes have resulted in children being sentenced to death.

“It is particularly appalling that in a country where only one-third of children are registered at birth and where age determination techniques remain rudimentary, courts can pronounce and confirm death sentences on children based on visual assessment by the police and refuse to take into account evidence of juvenility, even when provided by the Pakistani authorities themselves,” the experts stated.

It is estimated that 8,300 people are currently on death row in Pakistan – hundreds of them reportedly sentenced for offences committed as children.

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The UN experts’ call comes after the recent death by hanging of Ansar Iqbal, who was 15 years old when arrested and condemned to death. The execution was carried out only a few months after the hanging of Shafqat Hussain, Aftab Bahadur and Faisal Mahmood, all reportedly children at the time of their alleged offences.

Ansar Iqbal had obtained from the Pakistan Registration Authority an official birth certificate proving that he was a child when sentenced. Yet, on 15 September 2015, the Supreme Court of Pakistan refused to either take it into account or review the case.

The Special Rapporteurs on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions, Christof Heyns, on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, Juan E. Méndez, and on the independence of judges and lawyers, Mónica Pinto, as well as the Chairperson of the UN Committee on the Rights of Child, Benyam Dawit Mezmur, deplored the execution.

“We condemn in the strongest possible terms Ansar Iqbal’s execution, which has been carried out, as the previous ones, in clear violation of international human rights treaties to which Pakistan is a party, and despite multiple interventions of United Nations human rights mechanisms,” stressed the experts.

They pointed out that according to the Committee on the Rights of the Child, “if there is no proof of age, the child is entitled to a reliable medical or social investigation that may establish his/her age and, in the case of conflict or inconclusive evidence, the child shall have the right to the rule of the benefit of the doubt.”

They also emphasized that “basic safeguards for a fair trial have been clearly trampled” in these trials and warned that “failures in the prosecution evidence, refusal to investigate complaints of allegations of torture of children in police stations and prisons despite being widely reported in Pakistan, and dismissal of key evidence on procedural grounds are common practice in the proceedings against these children.”

“Any death sentence executed in contravention of a government’s international obligations amounts to an arbitrary execution,” cautioned the experts.

Independent experts or special rapporteurs are appointed by the Geneva-based UN Human Rights Council to examine and report back on a country situation or a specific human rights theme. The positions are honorary and the experts are not UN staff, nor are they paid for their work.